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81.
Relations between asphaltene content,viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil and ultrasonic parameters
Ultrasonic treatment could decrease the viscosity of heavy oil and previous study on had focused on one heavy oil sample and involved less on the influence of asphaltene content. This study examined the effect of asphaltene content on viscosity reduction rate by ultrasonication. A comparison on samples with various asphaltene content and vibration parameter was made. The results showed that the optimal vibration frequency might decrease as the asphaltene content increased, whereas the optimal vibration intensity and the optimal treatment time were suggested to be enlarged. A semi-quantitative correlation was matched, which helped for numerical simulation about ultrasonic treatment. 相似文献
82.
83.
摘要:对比研究了3种直立内热炉半焦(熄焦方式分别为水泡熄焦、喷水熄焦及烟气干熄焦)及一种流化床热解半焦的微观结构及燃烧性能。通过对半焦组成、孔隙结构、有机官能团、碳化学结构及半焦微晶结构分析,获得了不同低温热解工艺半焦的组成及微观结构特点,明确了组成及微观结构与燃烧性能之间的关系。结果表明,不同热解工艺半焦的组成和微观结构差异明显,其对半焦的燃烧性能影响显著。干熄焦碳化学结构缺陷比例大,快速热解半焦孔隙结构发0达、挥发分高,与水喷焦相比水泡焦石墨化程度低;水喷焦燃烧性能优于水泡焦,干法所得半焦的燃烧性优于湿法;半焦的挥发分含量决定其燃点,在快升温速率条件下孔隙结构对半焦的燃烧性能影响较大,而慢升温速率条件下有序化度对半焦的燃烧性能影响较大。 相似文献
84.
A two‐step synthetic procedure is designed for preparing new flame‐retardant methacrylic monomers containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as a substituent side group. DOPO and methacrylate moieties are linked by linear aliphatic hydrocarbon spacers (3 to 11 carbon atoms). Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate is carried out leading to copolymers containing between 2 and 10 wt% phosphorus. All homo‐ and copolymers exhibit a unique glass transition temperature (Tg ). A new group contribution for DOPO‐based substituent is extracted that leads to reasonable estimations of Tg s of other published polymers. The Fox equation provides a good estimation of Tg s for most copolymers and for physical blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and DOPO. When using monomers having three and four carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon spacer, the Tg of copolymers remains close to that of PMMA over a wide range of composition. 相似文献
85.
针对由主站和小站信号同频混合而成的非对称成对载波多址(PCMA)信号解调问题,构建了一种实现此类信号解调的框架。参数估计是非对称PCMA通信系统在实现两路信号分离解调时不可或缺的环节,对于幅度参数估计精度问题,提出一种基于四次方法的搜索式幅度估计算法。首先建立非对称PCMA系统解调模型并作出基本假设,然后对不同假设下的相位误差进行对比并分析相位误差对幅度估计算法的影响,最后提出一种新的幅度估计算法。实验结果表明在相同信噪比(SNR)下,正态相位误差下的小站信号解调性能要劣于其均值条件下的解调性能。当误比特率(BER)在数量级为10-4时,改进算法下小站信号的解调性能提升了1 dB,说明改进算法优于四次方法。 相似文献
86.
87.
Zeyu HAO 《等离子体科学和技术》2019,21(7):75401-118
The effects of driving frequency on plasma parameters and electron heating efficiency are studied in cylindrical inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. Measurements are made in an Ar discharge for driving frequency at 13.56/2 MHz, and pressures of 0.4–1.2 Pa. In 13.56 MHz discharge, higher electron density (ne) and higher electron temperature (Te) are observed in comparison with 2 MHz discharge at 0.6–1.2 Pa. However, slightly higherne andTe are observed in 2 MHz discharge at 0.4 Pa. This observation is explained by enhanced electron heating efficiency due to the resonance between the oscillation of 2 MHz electromagnetic field and electron-neutral collision process at 0.4 Pa. It is also found that the variation ofTe distribution is different in 13.56 and 2 MHz discharge. For ICP at 13.56 MHz, Te shows an edge-high profile at 0.4–1.2 Pa. For 2 MHz discharge,Te remains an edge-high distribution at 0.4–0.8 Pa. However, the distribution pattern involves into a center-high profile at 0.9–1.2 Pa. The spatial profiles ofne remain a center-high shape in both 13.56 and 2 MHz discharges, which indicates the nonlocal kinetics at low pressures. Better uniformity could be achieved by using 2 MHz discharge. The effects of gas pressure on plasma parameters are also examined. An increase in gas pressure necessitates the rise ofne in both 13.56 and 2 MHz discharges. Meanwhile, Te drops when gas pressure increases and shows a flatter distribution at higher pressure. 相似文献
88.
Debin Wang Jingsong Liu Mengshi Zeng Chunmei Zhang Huiqin Li Hongtao Yu Ying Yuan Shuren Zhang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(7):4029-4037
(1-x)Sr0.7Pb0.15Bi0.1TiO3-xBi4Ti3O12 ((1-x)SPBT-xBIT, x = 0-0.125) bulk ceramics were developed and calcined via the solid-state method, aimed at the application of pulsed power capacitors. The phase structures, temperature stability, hysteresis loop, and discharge properties were systematically investigated. Considering both the temperature stability and dielectric properties, 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT bulk ceramics with a capacitance variation satisfying the X7R specification were developed for pulsed power capacitors. The energy storage density was 0.252 J/cm3, and the ceramics showed high temperature stability at 80 kV/cm. The discharge current waveforms of the 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT ceramics were recorded. A high discharge power density of approximately 1.01 × 108 W/kg with an 8 Ω load resistor and short discharge period of 84 ns were achieved at 50 kV/cm. The good temperature stability properties and high power density show that the 0.925SPBT-0.075BIT ceramics are well suited for pulsed power capacitors with a wide temperature range. 相似文献
89.
How to improve the sensitivity of the temperature-sensing luminescent materials is one of the most important objects currently. In this work, to obtain high sensitivity and learn the corresponding mechanism, the rare earth (RE) ions doped Y4.67Si3O13 (YS) phosphors were developed by solid-state reaction. The phase purity, structure, morphology and luminescence characteristics were evaluated by XRD, TEM, emission spectra, etc. The change of the optical bandgaps between the host and RE-doped phosphors was found, agreeing with the calculation results based on density-functional theory. The temperature-dependence of the upconversion (UC) luminescence revealed that a linear relationship exists between the fluorescence intensity ratio of Ho3+ and temperature. The theoretical resolution was evaluated. High absolute (0.083 K−1) and relative (3.53% K−1 at 293 K) sensitivities have been gained in the YS:1%Ho3+, 10%Yb3+. The effect of the Yb3+ doping concentration and pump power on the sensitivities was discussed. The pump-power–dependence of the UC luminescence indicated the main mechanism for high sensitivities in the YS:1%Ho3+, 10%Yb3+. Moreover, the decay-lifetime based temperature sensing was also evaluated. The above results imply that the present phosphors could be promising candidates for temperature sensors, and the proposed strategies are instructive in exploring other new temperature sensing luminescent materials. 相似文献
90.
Yaxin Chen Jiexiang Tong Jiahao Dong Jing Luo Xiaoya Liu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(13)
Fast and highly efficient enrichment and separation of glycoproteins is essential in many biological applications, but the lack of materials with high capture capacity, fast, and efficient enrichment/separation makes it a challenge. Here, a temperature‐responsive core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymer with boronate affinity is reported for fast and efficient enriching and separating of glycoproteins from biological samples. The temperature‐responsive CCS polymers containing boronic acid in its polymeric arms and poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) in its cross‐linked core are prepared using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization via an “arm‐first” methodology. The soluble boronate polymeric arms of the CCS polymers provide a homogeneous reaction system and facilitate interactions between boronic acid and glycoproteins, which leads to a fast binding/desorption speed and high capture capacity. Maximum binding capacity of the prepared CCS polymer for horseradish peroxidase is determined to be 210 mg g?1, which can be achieved within 20 min. More interestingly, the temperature‐responsive CCS polymers exhibit rapid reversible thermal‐induced volume phase transition by increasing the temperature from 15 to 30 °C, resulting in a facile and convenient sample collection and recovery for the target glycoproteins. Finally, the temperature‐responsive CCS polymer is successfully applied to enrichment of low abundant glycoproteins. 相似文献